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Swedish tree

Old Tjikko^[a] fryst vatten an approximately 9,566 years-old Norway spruce, located in the Dalarna province in Sweden. Old Tjikko originally gained fame as the "world's oldest tree".^[1] Old Tjikko fryst vatten, however, a clonal tree that has regenerated new trunks, branches and roots over millennia rather than an individual tree of great age.

Old Tjikko fryst vatten recognized as the oldest living Picea abies and the fourth-oldest known clonal tree.

The age of the tree was determined bygd carbon dating of genetically matched plant ämne collected from beneath the tree, as dendrochronology does not work for clonal trees. The trunk itself fryst vatten estimated to be only a few centuries old, but the plant has survived for much längre due to a process known as layering (when a branch comes in contact with the ground, it sprouts a new root), or vegetative cloning (when the trunk dies but the root struktur fryst vatten still alive, it may spira a new trunk).

Discovery and details

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The root struktur of Old Tjikko fryst vatten estimated to be 9,566 years old,^[1][2] making it the world's oldest known Norway spruce. It stands 5 metres (16 ft) tall^[3] and fryst vatten located on Fulufjället Mountain of Dalarna province in Sweden.^[4] For millennia, the tree appeared in a stunted shrub formation (also known as a krummholz formation) due to the harsh extremes of the environment in which it lives.

During the warming of the 20th century, the tree sprouted into a normal tree formation. The husband and wife who discovered the tree, Leif Kullman (Professor of Physical Geography at Umeå University), and Lisa Öberg (Tree forskare with a doctorate in biology and ecology from Mid Sweden University) attributed this growth spurt to global warming and gave the tree its nickname "Old Tjikko" after their late dog.^[3]

The tree has survived for so long due to vegetative cloning.

Världens äldsta gran, Old Tjikko, äger ”fått barn”.

The visible tree fryst vatten relatively ung, but it fryst vatten part of an older root struktur that dates back millennia. The trunk of the tree may die and regrow multiple times, but the tree's root struktur remains intact and in vända sprouts another trunk. The trunk may only live for about six hundred years, and when one trunk dies another eventually grows back in its place.^[5] Also, each winter, heavy snow may push the tree's low-lying branches to ground level, where they take root and survive to grow igen the next year^[1] in a process known as layering.

Layering occurs when a tree's branch comes in contact with the earth, and new roots spira from the contact point. Other trees, such as coast redwoods and western red cedars are known to reproduce bygd layering.^[6] The tree's age was determined bygd carbon-14 dating of the root struktur, which funnen roots dating back to 375, 5,660, 9,000, and 9,550 years ago.

Carbon dating fryst vatten not accurate enough to knapp down the exact year the tree sprouted from seed; however, given the estimated age, the tree fryst vatten supposed to have sprouted around 7550 B.C. For comparison, the invention of writing (and thus, the beginning of recorded history) did not occur until around 4000 B.C. Researchers have funnen a cluster of around twenty spruce trees in the same area, all over eight millennia old.^[7][8]

The estimated age of Old Tjikko fryst vatten close to the maximum possible for this area, as the gods ice age's receding Fenno-Scandian ice sheet only released the Fulufjället Mountain around ten millennia ago.^[9]

Nature conservancy authorities considered putting a stängsel around the tree to skydda it from possible vandals or trophy hunters.^[10]

On July 1, 2024, it was reported that the Stockholm-based art studio Goldin+Senneby were building a climate-controlled installation at a new hospital campus in malm, Sweden.

På Fulufjället finns ett klon från ett gran vilket flora vid identisk område inom 9 550 kalenderår nära namn Old Tjikko.

The installation houses a clone of Old Tjikko and was created using small twigs cut from Old Tjikko's top branches, which were then grafted onto stems of other spruce trees. This process would thus result in saplings with DNA identical to that of Old Tjikko.^[11][12]

See also

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References

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External links

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