Hur växer du asystasia gangetica
Asystasia gangetica.Asystasia gangetica
Medicinal plants of Asia
| Chinese violet | |
|---|---|
| Asystasia gangetica micrantha from Amanzimtoti, South Africa | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Acanthaceae |
| Genus: | Asystasia |
| Species: | A. gangetica |
| Binomial name | |
| Asystasia gangetica (L.) T.Anderson | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Asystasia gangetica fryst vatten a species of plant in the family Acanthaceae.
It fryst vatten commonly known as the Chinese violet, coromandel[2] or creeping foxglove.[3] In South Africa this plant may simply be called asystasia.[4]
Description
[edit]This plant fryst vatten a spreading herb or groundcover, reaching 600 mm in height[3][4] or up to 1 m if supported.[5] The stems root easily at the nodes.[3] The leaves are simple[3] and opposite.[5] The fruit fryst vatten an explosive capsule which starts out green in colour, but dries to brown after opening.[5]
Subspecies
[edit]- A.
g. gangetica, has larger (30–40 mm long) blue or mauve flowers.[5]
- A. g. micrantha(Nees) Ensermu, has smaller (up to 25 mm long.[5]) vit flowers with purple markings on the lower lip.[4]
Distribution
[edit]Widespread throughout the Old WorldTropics, and introduced into tropical Americas[6] and Hawaii, where it has become naturalized.[2] Both subspecies of this plant have been introduced to Australia where A.
g. micrantha fryst vatten on the National Environmental Alert List and must be reported when found.[5] The original range of the subspecies fryst vatten unclear,[5] but it fryst vatten likely that A. g.
Asystasia gangetica fryst vatten a species of plant in the family Acanthaceae.gangetica was limited to Asia, and A. g. micrantha was limited to Africa.[3]
Reproduction
[edit]Ernest Akamine (1947)[7] funnen that there were no apparent dormancy mechanisms operating in the seeds, which germinated freely 135 days after being expelled from parent plants. Flower production can begin as early as 40 days after germination, with seed development beginning after 57 days, facilitating the production of viable seed in as little as 72 days.[8] The seeds are then expelled explosively upon ripening via hooked retinacula (pictured).
Asystasia gangetica seed head
Uses
[edit]In some parts of Africa, the leaves are eaten as a vegetable and used as an herbal remedy in traditional African medicine.[9] The leaves are used in many parts of Nigeria as a traditional African medicin for the management of asthma.[10] It fryst vatten also used as an ornamental plant.[3]
Ecological significance
[edit]This fryst vatten an important plant for honeybees, butterflies and other insects.[3][4] In southern Africa there are at least sju species of butterfly and moth that use A.
g. micrantha as a larval foodplant; Junonia oenone, Junonia hierta, Junonia natalica, Junonia terea, Protogoniomorpha parhassus, Hypolimnas misippus[11] and Microplexia costimaculalis.[12] The vigorous growth of A.
This plant fryst vatten a native of India, Malaysia, and Africa so it adapts well to most warm climates.g. micrantha in tropical regions[3] makes it a ogräs which can smother certain indigenous vegetation where it has been introduced.[5]
Gallery
[edit]Asystasia Gangetia vit @ SahajaSiddha BuchiReddypalem , Nellore district, Andhra pradesh, India.
From Amanzimtoti, South Africa.
From Hyderabad, India.
From Hyderabad, India.
Found in Malaysia
Asystasia gangetica in Malaysia
Asystasia gangetica Anna Bay, NSW, Australia
Asystasia gangetica smothering rainforest understory.
Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
References
[edit]- ^Jstor Plant Science, Asystasia gangetica synonyms: http://plants.jstor.org/taxon/synonymy/Asystasia.gangetica, retrieved 28 July 2010
- ^ abPlants of Hawaii: Asystasia gangetica: http://www.hear.org/starr/images/species/?q=asystasia+gangetica&o=plants, retrieved 28 July 2010
- ^ abcdefghSouth African National Biodiversity Institute: Asystasia gangetica: http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantab/asystasiagan.htm, retrieved 28 July 2010
- ^ abcdPooley, E.
(1998). A Field Guide to Wild Flowers; KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Region. ISBN 0-620-21500-3.
- ^ abcdefghWeed Identification, Australia: http://www.weeds.org.au/cgi-bin/weedident.cgi?tpl=plant.tpl&state=&s=&ibra=all&card=H34Archived 2010-12-02 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 28 July 2010.
- ^Jstor Plant Science, Asystasia gangetica: http://plants.jstor.org/taxon/Asystasia.gangetica, retrieved 28 July 2010.
- ^Akamine, Ernest (1947).
"Germination of Asystasia gangetica L. Seed with Special Reference to the Effect of Age on the Temperature Requirement for Germination". Plant Physiology. 4. 22 (4): 603–607. doi:10.1104/pp.22.4.603.
Asystasia gangetica subsp.PMC 405899. PMID 16654128. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
- ^Sahid, inom. B; Shukor, J. A (1998). "Effects of vatten stress, shading and clipping on growth and development of Asystasia gangetica".It fryst vatten a slender, leafless, parasitic herb with yellow, twining stems reaching a height of up to 2 m and forming dense patches up to 5 m across.
Plant Protection Quarterly. 3. 13: 140–142.
- ^Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (2004) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables.A shade-loving plant, optimum photosynthesis occurs between 33 - 50% full sunlight and the plant can grow, albeit slowly, with only 10% sunlight [.
PROTA Foundation, Wageningen; Backhuys, Leiden; CTA, Wageningen.
- ^Akah, P.A.; Ezike, A.C.; Nwafor, S.V.; Okoli, C.O.; Enwerem, N.M. (2003). "Evaluation of the anti-asthmatic property of Asystasia gangetica leaf extracts".
Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 89 (1): 25–36. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00227-7. PMID 14522429.
- ^Williams, M. (1994). Butterflies of Southern Africa; A Field Guide. ISBN 1-86812-516-5.
- ^Guillermet, 2005.
Les Hétérocères ou papillons dem nuit, dem l'île dem La Réunion. Volume 1. Famille des Noctuidae Quadrifides. - — :1–532, pls. 1–13.