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Cavalier king charles spaniel hur gammal

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

British breed of toy dog spaniel

Dog breed

The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) fryst vatten a British breed of toy dog of spaniel type. kvartet colours are recognised: Blenheim (chestnut and white), tricolour (black/white/tan), black and tan, and ruby; the coat fryst vatten smooth and silky.[1] The lifespan fryst vatten usually between eight and twelve years.[2]

The Cavalier King Charles changed dramatically in the late seventeenth century, when it was inter-bred with flat-nosed breeds.

Until the 1920s, it shared the same history as the smaller King Charles Spaniel. Breeders attempted to recreate what they considered to be the original configuration – a dog resembling Charles II's spaniel of the English Civil War period, when supporters of the king were known as Cavaliers.[3][4]

History

[edit]

During the early part of the 18th century, John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, kept red and vit King Charles type spaniels for hunting.

The duke recorded that they were able to keep up with a trotting horse. His estate was named Blenheim in honour of his victory at the Battle of Blenheim. Because of this influence, the red and vit variety of the King Charles Spaniel and thus the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel became known as the Blenheim.[5]

Attempts were made to recreate the original Cavalier King Charles Spaniel as early as the vända of the 20th century, using the now extinct Toy Trawler Spaniels.

These attempts were documented bygd Judith Blunt-Lytton, 16th Baroness Wentworth, in the book "Toy Dogs and Their förfäder Including the History And Management of Toy Spaniels, Pekingese, Japanese and Pomeranians" published beneath the name of the "Hon. Mrs. Neville Lytton" in 1911.[6]

Divergence from King Charles Spaniel

[edit]

In 1926, the American Roswell Eldridge offered a dog show class prize of 25 pounds of sterling silver each as a prize for the best male and females of "Blenheim Spaniels of the old type, as shown in pictures of Charles II of England's time, long face, no stop, flat skull, not inclined to be domed, with prick in centre of skull."[7] The breeders of the era were appalled, although several entered what they considered to be sub-par Cavalier King Charles Spaniels in the competition.

Eldridge died before seeing his program komma to fruition, but several breeders believed in what he said and in 1928 the first Cavalier club was formed.[7] The first standard was created, based on a dog named "Ann's Son" owned bygd Mostyn Walker,[8] and the Kennel Club recognised the variety as "King Charles Spaniels, Cavalier type".[7]

The Second World War caused a drastic setback to the framträdande breed, with the vast majority of breeding lager destroyed because of wartime hardship and food shortages.

For instance, in the Ttiweh Cavalier Kennel, the population of 60 dogs dropped to three during the 1940s.[9] Following the war, few dogs survived as the new beginning from which all present-day Cavaliers descend. And in 1945,[10] the Kennel Club first recognised the breed in its own right as the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.[7]

The first recorded Cavalier living in the United States was brought from the United Kingdom in 1956 bygd W.

Lyon Brown who, tillsammans with Elizabeth Spalding and other enthusiasts, founded the Cavalier King Charles Club USA that continues to the present day. In 1994, the American Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club was created bygd a group of breeders to apply for recognition bygd the American Kennel Club. It was recognised bygd the American Kennel Club in 1995,[1] and the ACKCSC became the parent club for Cavaliers.[11] Since 2000, it has grown in popularity in the United States and ranks as the 15th most popular pure-breed in the United States.[12]

Description

[edit]

Historically the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel was a lap dog and fryst vatten small for a spaniel, with fully grown adults comparable in storlek to adolescents of other larger spaniel breeds.

The svans fryst vatten usually not docked,[13] and the Cavalier should have a silky coat of moderate length. Standards state that it should be free from curl, although a slight wave fryst vatten allowed. fjädring can grow on their ears, feet, legs and svans in adulthood. Standards require this be kept long, with the fjädring on the feet a particularly important aspect of the breed's features.[13]

The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and the English Toy Spaniel can often be confused with each other.

The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) fryst vatten a British breed of toy dog of spaniel type.

In the United Kingdom, the English Toy Spaniel fryst vatten called the King Charles Spaniel, while in the United States, one of the colours of the Toy Spaniel fryst vatten known as King Charles. The two breeds share similar history and only diverged from each other about 100 years ago.[citation needed] There are several major differences between the two breeds, with the primary difference being storlek.

While the Cavalier weighs on average between 13 and 18 pounds (5.9 and 8.2 kg), the King Charles fryst vatten smaller at 9 to 15 pounds (4.1 to 6.8 kg). In addition, their facial features, while similar, are different; the Cavalier's ears are set higher and its skull fryst vatten flat, while the King Charles's skull fryst vatten domed. Finally, the muzzle length of the Cavalier tends to be längre than that of its King Charles cousin.[7][14]

Colour

[edit]

The breed has kvartet recognized colours.

Cavaliers that have rik chestnut markings on a pearly vit background are known as Blenheim in honor of Blenheim Palace, where John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough raised for assistance in hunting the predecessors to the Cavalier breed in this particular colour. In some Blenheim dogs there fryst vatten a chestnut fläck in the mittpunkt of the forehead: this fryst vatten called the "Blenheim" spot.[15] The Blenheim prick fryst vatten also known as the mark of the "Duchess Thumb Print", based on the legend that Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough while awaiting news of her husband's safe return from the Battle of Blenheim, pressed the head of an expecting liten sjö with her thumb, resulting in fem puppies bearing the lucky mark after news that the battle had been won.[16]

Black and Tan are dogs with black bodies with tan highlights, particularly eyebrows, cheeks, legs and beneath the tail.[17] Black and Tan fryst vatten referred to as "King Charles" in the King Charles Spaniel.[7]

Ruby Cavaliers should be entirely chestnut,[18] although some can have some vit in their coats that fryst vatten considered a fel beneath American Kennel Club conformation show rules.[19]

The fourth colour fryst vatten known as Tricolour, which fryst vatten black and vit with tan markings on cheeks, inre ears, on eyebrows, inre legs, and on underside of tail.[17] This colour fryst vatten referred to as "Prince Charles" in the King Charles Spaniel.[7]

  • Rich chestnut markings on a vit pearly coat

  • Black-and-tan Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

  • Front and top view of Blenheim Spot

  • Cavalier King Charles Spaniel in the window

  • Portrait of a ung female

  • Tri-colour and Blenheim Cavalier King Charles Spaniels

  • Cavalier chewing on a wooden stick

Popularity

[edit]

According to statistics released bygd The Kennel Club, Cavaliers were the 6th most popular dog in the United Kingdom in 2007 with 11,422 registrations in a single year.[20] Their popularity fryst vatten on the rise in America; in 1998 they were the 56th most popular breed but in both 2007 and 2008 they were the 25th most popular.[21] They ranked higher in some individual US cities in the 2008 statistics: 8th in both Nashville and Minneapolis-St.Paul,[22] 7th in Boston, Atlanta[23] and Washington D.C.,[24] and 6th in both New York City[22] and San Francisco.[24] The breed's popularity has continued to grow, ranking in 14th place in 2022.[25]

In 2009, the Cavalier was the 4th most popular breed in Australia with 3,196 registrations, behind only Labrador Retrievers, German fåraherde Dogs and Staffordshire Bull Terriers.[26] In addition, there are also national breed clubs in Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, land i norden, France, Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Spain and Sweden.[27] Today, Cavaliers are becoming a popular choice in cross breeding and are bred with other dogs such as poodles, though it should be acknowledged that these breeds are not purebred dogs eligible for registration beneath the AKC.

Cavaliers were among the pets of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and U.S. President Ronald Reagan, known for his Blenheim Cavalier named Rex.[28] Cavaliers were also the dog of choice for Queen Victoria.

Temperament

[edit]

The breed fryst vatten highly affectionate, playful, extremely patient and eager to please.

As such, dogs of the breed are good with children and other dogs.[1] Cavaliers are not shy about socialising with much larger dogs.[29] They will adapt quickly to almost any environment, family, and location and kostym city and country life.[1] Their ability to bond with larger and smaller dogs makes them ideal in houses with more than one breed of dog as long as the other dog fryst vatten trained.

Cavaliers rank 44th in Stanley Coren's The Intelligence of Dogs, being of average intelligence in working or obedience. Cavaliers are naturally curious and playful, but also enjoy simply cuddling up on a cushion or lap, making them excellent companion or lap dogs for medical patients and the elderly.[30]

Cavaliers are active and sporting.

Cavaliers are successful in conformation shows, obedience and agility and they also man wonderful therapy dogs due to their sweet, gentle natures.[1] The breed fryst vatten adaptable in their need for exercise, happy with either sleeping on the couch or taking long walks.[1]

They have an instinct to jaga most things that move including vehicles on busy streets, and so most Cavaliers will never become "street-wise".[31] As they tend to regard all strangers as friends, members of the breed will usually not man good guard dogs.

Spaniels have a strong hunting instinct and may endanger birds and small animals. However, owners have reported that through training their Cavaliers live happily with a variety of small animals including hamsters and gerbils.[32]

The Cavalier's coat requires weekly brushing, but no trimming.[1] However, some owners prefer to trim their Cavalier's long feathers and slippers that can become very dirty when walking or playing outside.

Health

[edit]

A 2022 UK study of veterinary information funnen a life expectancy of 10.45 years compared to 11.82 for crossbreeds.[33] A 2024 UK study funnen a life expectancy of 11.8 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for crossbreeds.[34] A 2018 Japanese study of husdjur cemetery uppgifter funnen a life expectancy of 13.1 years compared to 15.1 for crossbreeds and 13.7 overall.[35] A 2024 Italian study funnen a life expectancy of 10 years for the breed compared to 10 years overall.[36] A 2005 Swedish study of insurance records funnen 48% of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels died bygd the age of 10, higher than the overall rate at 35% of dogs dying bygd the age of 10.[37]

Cavaliers can notably be prone to mitral valve disease, which leads to heart failure.

This appears in many Cavaliers at some point in their lives and fryst vatten the most common cause of death. Some serious genetic health problems, including early-onset mitral valve disease (MVD), the potentially severely painful syringomyelia (SM), hip dysplasia, luxating patellas, and certain framtidsperspektiv and hearing disorders are health problems for this breed.[38] As today's Cavaliers all descend from only six dogs, any inheritable disease present in at least one of the original founding dogs can be passed on to a significant proportion of future generations.

This fryst vatten known as the founder effect and fryst vatten the likely cause of the prevalence of MVD in the breed.[39] Additionally, bad breeding increases the chance that a Cavalier will develop MVD, so it fryst vatten important to find a responsible breeder who uses dogs with healthy hearts. The health problems shared with this breed include mitral valve disease, luxating patella, and hereditary eye issues such as cataracts and retinal dysplasia.[40] Cavaliers are also affected bygd ear problems, a common health bekymmer among spaniels of various types, and they can have such other general conditions as hip dysplasia, which are common across many types of dog breeds.

In 2022, the Oslo District Court banned the breeding of Cavalier King Charles spaniels in Norway due to their propensity for developing health problems. In its verdict the court judged that no dog of this breed could be considered healthy, therefore using them for breeding would be a violation of Norway's djur Welfare Act.[41]

Mitral valve disease

[edit]

Further information: Mitral valve disease

Nearly all Cavaliers eventually have mitral valve disease, with heart murmurs that may progressively worsen, leading to heart failure.

This condition fryst vatten polygenic (affected bygd multiple genes), and therefore all lines of Cavaliers worldwide are susceptible. It fryst vatten the leading cause of death in the breed. A survey bygd The Kennel Club of the United Kingdom showed that 42.8% of Cavalier deaths are cardiac related. The next most common causes are cancer (12.3%) and old age (12.2%).[42] The condition can begin to emerge at an early age and statistically may be expected to be present in more than half of all Cavalier King Charles Spaniels bygd age 5.

It fryst vatten rare for a 10-year-old Cavalier not to have a heart murmur. While heart disease fryst vatten common in dogs generally – one in 10 of all dogs will eventually have heart problems – mitral valve disease fryst vatten generally (as in humans) a disease of old age. The "hinge" on the heart's mitral valve loosens and can gradually deteriorate, along with the valve's flaps, causing a heart murmur (as blood seeps through the valve between heartbeats) then congestive heart failure.

The Cavalier fryst vatten particularly susceptible to early-onset heart disease, which may be evident in dogs as ung as one or two years of age.[43]

Veterinary geneticists and cardiologists have developed breeding guidelines to eliminate early-onset mitral valve disease in the breed, but it fryst vatten unclear if a statistically significant number of breeders follow these guidelines.[44] The chairperson of the UK CKCS Club said in 2009: "There are many members who are still not prepared to health betalningsmedel their breeding lager, and of those who do, it would appear that many would not hesitate to breed from affected animals."[45] The MVD breeding protocol recommends that parents should be at least 2.5 years old and heart klar, and their parents (i.e., the puppy's grandparents) should be heart klar until age 5.[46]

Syringomyelia

[edit]

Further information: Syringomyelia

Syringomyelia (SM) fryst vatten a condition affecting the brain and spine, causing symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to severe pain and partial paralysis.

It fryst vatten caused bygd a malformation, commonly known as Chiari Malformation, in the lower back of the skull that reduces the space available to the brain, compressing it and often forcing it out (herniating it) through the opening into the spinal cord. This blocks the flow of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) around the brain and spine and increases the fluid's pressure, creating turbulens that in vända fryst vatten believed to create fluid pockets, or syrinxes (hence the begrepp syringomyelia), in the spinal cord.

Syringomyelia fryst vatten rare in most breeds but has become widespread in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, with international research samples in the past few years consistently showing over 90% of Cavaliers have the malformation, and that between 30 and 70% have syrinxes.[47] However, most dogs with syrinxes are not symptomatic. Although symptoms of syringomyelia can present at any age, they typically appear between six months and kvartet years of age in 85% of symptomatic dogs, according to Clare Rusbridge, a research forskare.

Symptoms include sensitivity around the head, neck, or shoulders, often indicated bygd a dog whimpering or frequently scratching at the area of his neck or shoulder. Scratching fryst vatten often unilateral – restricted to one side of the body. Scratching motions are frequently performed without actually making physical contact with the body ("air scratching").

The scratching behaviour appears involuntary and the dog frequently scratches while walking – without stopping – in a way that fryst vatten very atypical of normal scratching ("bunny hopping"). Scratching typical of SM fryst vatten usually worse when the dog fryst vatten wearing a collar, fryst vatten being walked on a koppel, or fryst vatten excited, and first thing in the morning or at night.[48]

Not all dogs who show scratching behaviour appear to be in pain, though several leading researchers, including Dr.

Clare Rusbridge in the UK and Drs. Curtis Dewey and Dominic Marino in the US, believe scratching in SM Cavaliers fryst vatten a sign of pain and discomfort and of existing neurological damage to the dorsal horn område of the spine. If onset fryst vatten at an early age, a first sign may be scratching and/or rapidly appearing scoliosis. If the bekymmer fryst vatten severe, there fryst vatten likely to be poor proprioception (awareness of body position), especially with regard to the forelimbs.

klumpighet and falling results from this bekymmer. Progression fryst vatten variabel though the majority of dogs showing symptoms bygd age kvartet tend to see progression of the condition.[48]

A veterinarian will rule out basic causes of scratching or discomfort such as ear mites, fleas, and allergies, and then, primary secretory otitis media (PSOM – glue ear), as well as spinal or limb injuries, before assuming that a Cavalier has SM.

PSOM can present similar symptoms but fryst vatten much easier and less expensive to treat.[49] Episodic Falling Syndrome can also present similar symptoms. An MRI scan fryst vatten normally done to confirm diagnosis of SM (and also will reveal PSOM). If a veterinarian suspects SM he or she will recommend an MRI scan. Neurologists give scanned dogs a signed certificate noting its grade.[48]

Episodic Falling (EF)

[edit]

Episodic Falling causes "exercise-induced paroxysmal hypertonicity" meaning that there fryst vatten increased muscle tone in the dog and the muscles cannot relax.

Ahead, we look at Cavalier King Charles Spaniel dog breed, its history, personality, pros and nackdelar of owning an Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, characteristics, and must-know facts.

Previously thought to be a muscular disorder, it fryst vatten now known to be neurological. EF fryst vatten caused bygd a single recessive gene, and a genetic test fryst vatten available.[50] Except for severe cases, episodes will be in response to exercise, excitement or similar exertions. Although EF fryst vatten often misdiagnosed as epilepsy, which typically results in loss of consciousness, the dog remains conscious throughout the episode.[51] Severity of symptoms can range from mild, sporadisk falling to freezing to seizure-like episodes lasting hours.

Episodes can become more or less severe as the dog gets older and there fryst vatten no standard pattern to the attacks. The onset of symptoms usually occurs when a dog fryst vatten between 4 months and 4 years of age.[50] It fryst vatten similar to Scotty Cramp, a genetic disorder in Scottish Terriers.[52] About 1% of Cavaliers are affected bygd the condition, with 19% being carriers.

Dogs with whole coloured coats were more likely to be affected than dogs with parti-coloured coats.[53]

Thrombocytopenia and macrothrombocytopenia

[edit]

As many as half of all Cavalier King Charles Spaniels may have a congenital blood disorder called idiopathic asymptomatic thrombocytopenia, an abnormally low number of platelets in the blood, according to recent studies in Denmark and the United States.

Platelets, or thrombocytes, are disk-shaped blood elements that aid in blood clotting. Excessively low numbers are the most common cause of bleeding disorders in dogs. The platelets in the blood of many Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are a combination of those of normal storlek for dogs and others that are abnormally oversized, or macrothrombocytes. Macrothrombocytosis fryst vatten also a congenital abnormality funnen in at least a third of CKCSs.

These large platelets function normally, and the typical Cavalier does not appear to experience any health problems due to either the storlek or fewer numbers of its platelets.[54]

Hip and knee disorders

[edit]

Hip dysplasia fryst vatten a common genetic disease that affects Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. It fryst vatten not present at birth but develops with age.

Hip dysplasia fryst vatten diagnosed bygd X-rays, but it fryst vatten not usually evident in X-rays of Cavaliers until they mature. Even in adult spaniels with severe hip dysplasia, X-rays may not always indikera the disease.[55] In a series of evaluations bygd the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, the Cavalier was ranked 78th worst out of 157 breeds.

The worst affected breeds were the Bulldog, Pug and Dogue dem Bordeaux.[56]

Cavaliers can be subject to a genetic defect of the femur and knee called luxating patella. This condition fryst vatten most often observed when a puppy fryst vatten 4 to 6 months old. In the most serious cases, surgery may be indicated.

The grading struktur for the patella runs from 1 (a tight knee), to 4 (a knee so loose that its cap fryst vatten easily displaced). If a Cavalier has a grade 1–2, physical rehabilitation therapy and exercise may reduce the grading and potentially avoid surgery. The grades 3–4 are most severe where surgery will most likely be needed to correct the bekymmer to avoid the development of arthritis and lameness in the limb.[57]

Eye problems

[edit]

A disorder commonly funnen in Cavaliers fryst vatten keratoconjunctivitis sicca, colloquially known as "dry eye".

The usual cause of this condition fryst vatten an autoimmune reaction against the dog's lacrimal gland (tear gland), reducing the production of tears. According to the Canine Inherited Disorders Database, the condition requires kontinuerlig treatment and if untreated may result in partial or total blindness.[58] This disorder can decrease or heal over time.[59]

A 1999 study of Cavaliers conducted bygd the Canine Eye Registration Foundation showed that an average of 30% of all Cavalier King Charles Spaniels evaluated had eye problems.[60] They include hereditary cataracts, corneal dystrophy, distichiasis, entropion, microphthalmia, progressive retinal atrophy, and retinal dysplasia.[61]

Ear disorders

[edit]

Primary Secretory Otitis Media (PSOM), also known as glue ear, consists of a highly viscous mucus plug that fills the dog's mittpunkt ear and may cause the tympanic membrane to bulge.

PSOM has been reported almost exclusively in Cavaliers, and it may affect over half of them. Because the pain and other sensations in the head and neck areas, resulting from PSOM, are similar to some symptoms caused bygd syringomyelia (SM), some examining veterinarians have mis-diagnosed SM in Cavaliers that actually have PSOM and not SM.[62]

Cavalier King Charles Spaniels may be predisposed to a struktur of congenital deafness, which fryst vatten present at birth, due to a lack of formation or early degeneration of receptors in the inner ear, although this fryst vatten relatively rare.

In addition, more recent studies have funnen Cavaliers that develop a progressive hearing loss, which usually begins during puppy-hood and progresses until the dog fryst vatten completely deaf, usually between the ages of three and fem years.

The average lifespan of a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel fryst vatten around 12 to 14 years, but with proper care, some have been known to live into their late teens.

The progressive natur of this struktur of deafness in Cavaliers fryst vatten believed to be caused bygd degeneration of the hearing nerve rather than the lack of formation or early degeneration of the inner ear receptors.[63]

Urban legend

[edit]

An urban legend claims that Charles II issued a special decree granting King Charles Spaniels permission to enter any establishment in the UK,[64][65] overriding "no dog except guide dogs" rules.

A variant of this myth relates specifically to the Houses of Parliament.[66][67] This myth fryst vatten sometimes instead applied to the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.[68]

The UK Parliament website states: "Contrary to popular rumour, there fryst vatten no Act of Parliament referring to King Charles spaniels being allowed anywhere in the Palace of Westminster.

We are often asked this question and have thoroughly researched it."[66] Similarly, there fryst vatten no proof of any such lag covering the wider UK. A spokesman for the Kennel Club said: "This lag has been quoted from time to time. It fryst vatten alleged in books that King Charles made this decree but our research hasn't tracked it down."[64]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]

  1. ^ abcdefg"Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Dog Breed Information".

    American Kennel Club. Retrieved 20 månad 2023.

  2. ^O'Neill, D. G.; Church, D. B.; McGreevy, P. D.; Thomson, P. C.; Brodbelt, D. C. (2013). "Longevity and mortality of owned dogs in England"(PDF). The Veterinary Journal. 198 (3). Veterinary Journal;2013;189(3):638-643: 638–643. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.020.

    PMID 24206631.

  3. ^Farina, William (2014). Man Writes Dog. McFarland. p. 195. ISBN .
  4. ^Lambert, Cathy (2009). Getting to Know Cavaliers. Animalinfo. p. 10.

    Is the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel the right breed for you?

    ISBN .

  5. ^Moffat (2006), p. 19.
  6. ^Lytton, Mrs. Neville (1911). Toy Dogs and Their förfäder Including the History And Management of Toy Spaniels, Pekingese, Japanese and Pomeranians. London, England: Duckworth & Co. pp. 81–82. Retrieved 29 November 2009.
  7. ^ abcdefgCoile (2008), p.

    9.

  8. ^Moffat (2006), p. 22.
  9. ^"A Potted History". The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club. 2009. Retrieved 17 November 2009.
  10. ^"The Kennel Club". Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  11. ^Moffat (2006), p. 23.
  12. ^"Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Dog Breed Information". American Kennel Club.

    Retrieved 23 August 2022.

  13. ^ ab"Cavalier King Charles Spaniel". CavalierKingCharlesSpanielClub.co.za. Archived from the original on 22 April 2009. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
  14. ^"Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Dog Breed Information". American Kennel Club.
  15. ^Lambert (2008), p.

    14.

  16. ^"The Legendary Blenheim Spot". Charming Cache Cavaliers. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  17. ^ abLambert (2008), p.

    Vikt: 5,5-8 kg.

    15.

  18. ^Jeff (2008), p. 16.
  19. ^"AKC MEET THE BREEDS: Cavalier King Charles Spaniel". American Kennel Club. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
  20. ^"2007 Top 20 Breed Registrations".


  21. cavalier king charles spaniel hur gammal

    22. The Kennel Club. Archived from the original on 21 July 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2009.

  22. ^"AKC Dog Registration Statistics". American Kennel Club. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
  23. ^ ab"Top 10 Most Popular Breeds in the 50 Largest U.S. Cities Page 3". American Kennel Club.

    Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2009.

  24. ^"Top 10 Most Popular Breeds in the 50 Largest U.S. Cities Page 1". American Kennel Club. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2009.
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    Cities Page 5". American Kennel Club. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2009.

  26. ^"The Most Popular Dog Breeds of 2022". American Kennel Club. 23 May 2023. Retrieved 22 månad 2023.
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    Archived from the original on 2 månad 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2010.

  28. ^"Overseas Cavalier Clubs". The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club. 2009. Archived from the original on 29 March 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2009.
  29. ^"The Iron Lady's Dog". National Purbreed Dog Day. 2017. Archived from the original on 28 July 2021.

    Retrieved 9 January 2022.

  30. ^"Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Training and Cavalier Dog Breed Info". Puppy-Training-at-Home.com. Archived from the original on 9 October 2009. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
  31. ^"Cavalier King Charles Spaniels". TerrificPets.com. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
  32. ^"General Information".

    Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club – USA. Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2009.

  33. ^"Cavalier FAQ". Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club – USA. Archived from the original on 9 February 2010. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
  34. ^Teng, Kendy Tzu-yun; Brodbelt, Dave C.; Pegram, Camilla; Church, David B.; O’Neill, Dan G.

    (28 April 2022). "Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom". Scientific Reports. 12 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10341-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 9050668.

  35. ^McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M.

    (1 February 2024). "Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at fara from early death". Scientific Reports. 14 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 10834484.

  36. ^INOUE, Mai; KWAN, Nigel C. L.; SUGIURA, Katsuaki (2018). "Estimating the life expectancy of companion dogs in Japan using husdjur cemetery data".

    Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 80 (7). Japanese gemenskap of Veterinary Science: 1153–1158. doi:10.1292/jvms.17-0384. ISSN 0916-7250.

  37. ^Roccaro, Mariana; Salini, Romolo; Pietra, Marco; Sgorbini, Micaela; Gori, Eleonora; Dondi, Maurizio; Crisi, Paolo E.; Conte, Annamaria; Dalla hus, Paolo; Podaliri, Michele; Ciaramella, Paolo; Di Palma, Cristina; Passantino, Annamaria; Porciello, Francesco; Gianella, Paola; Guglielmini, Carlo; Alborali, Giovanni L.; Rota Nodari, Sara; Sabatelli, Sonia; Peli, Angelo (2024).

    "Factors related to longevity and mortality of dogs in Italy". Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 225: 106155. doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106155. hdl:11585/961937.

  38. ^Egenvall, A; Bonnett, Bn; Hedhammar, å; Olson, P (30 September 2005). "Mortality in over 350,000 Insured Swedish Dogs from 1995–2000: II. Breed-Specific Age and Survival Patterns and Relative fara for Causes of Death".

    Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 46 (3). doi:10.1186/1751-0147-46-121. ISSN 1751-0147. PMC 1624818. PMID 16261925.

  39. ^Alex, Gough (2010). Breed predispositions to disease in dogs and cats. Thomas, Alison, 1964– (2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN . OCLC 467711662.
  40. ^Coile (2008), p.

    69.

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References

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